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A CASE STUDY ON PREVAILING RITUALS, CULTURE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS FACED BY KOTA TRIBES OF NILGIRIS, TAMILNADU.
INTRODUCTION
UNITY IN DIVERSITY- India is an example of this amazing amalgamation of various races and cultures, with a landscape as diverse as its population, the county has the largest concentration of the tribal population in the world after Africa. According to the 2011 survey census, Scheduled Tribes are minority people, they constitute about 8.2 % of the overall population in India, which has 567 different tribal groups. The tribal population of the country makes an integral part of India’s social fabric sector in the world after Africa.
The word 'tribe' is essentially used for a socially cohesive unit, related to a territory, the member of which regards them as politically autonomous. Mostly a tribe possesses a unique dialect and distinct cultural traits. The tribe can be termed as a “collection of families bearing a specific name, speaking a common dialect, occupying or professing to occupy a standard territory and is not usually endogamous though originally they could be so”.
According to R.N. Mukherjee, a tribe is a human group, in which the members have a common interest, territory, language, social law, and economic occupation. Scheduled Tribes in India are basically considered to be ‘Adivasis,’ meaning indigenous people or original inhabitants of the country. The tribes are confined to lower status and are often physically and socially isolated rather than being absorbed within the mainstream population of the Country. The Scheduled Tribes often experience active and passive indifference that will take the shape of exclusion from educational opportunities, social participation, and access to their own land and tribal rights have always been neglected in almost all jurisdictions across the world. All tribal communities aren’t the same.
They’re the products of various geographical, historical, and social conditions. They belong to different racial stocks and non-secular backgrounds and speak different dialects.
Tribal people have been facing discrimination against women, occupational differentiation, emphasis on status, and hierarchical social ordering that characterize the predominant mainstream culture are generally absent among the tribal groups. Lack of administration and large-scale corruption in various departments and various wings of the government should make the developmental process of tribal peoples and their communities in the country but it results in no proper implementation of policies in uplifting the socio-economic rights of these largely downtrodden tribal people. Some ideas and recommendations of the employees, Social workers, and NGO professionals have been made for better implementation of development schemes and livelihood of the tribal peoples.
Sindhuja European International University - Paris